Operation Sfyd:Activating Phase 3/(Dah Habis Periksa!)

Hmm,klau nak diikutkan......yang penting2 je la yang da habis...hehehe
Nnti ari isnin ade test sivik ngan seni.......
Alah,klau sivik pikir logik suda!
Seni tue kene lepaskan jiwa seni korg,haha!

Dengan ini bolehlah kita mengaktifkan fasa ke-3 operation sfyd,
Iaitu bertawakal kepada Allah supaya dapat markah yang cemerlang........
Semoga dengan izinnya,dengan zat al-Hakim nya,kita mendapat kejayaan!

Hmm,cakap pasal test kan......
First time math jadi senang sangat kat aku,
Orang lain sumer cakap susah......
Haha,pastu geng talian hayat kat tempat aku:


aku,Ridhuan,Apiz,Ainnur,Najmi,Tiera dan Aina.......

Terima kasih kerana menolong aku dalam test nieyh,
(aku pown ade tolong diorang,haha)


Overall,sumer test senang.......
Alhamdulillah.....

Enjoy ar pic nieyh ek!:

Operation Sfyd:Activating phase 2!

Operation sfyd?(pronounced as sfied) bermaksud strike for your dignity.Hahaha.Operation ni untuk test akhir tahun ni........kenapa phase 2?sebab phase 1 da start time post system is slowing down.....lupe plak nak cakap.

Matlamat operation ni:

1.Memastikan markah gred A lebih dari lima subjek.
2.Memastikan tempat keseluruhan markah test akhir tahun 2010 tingkatan 2 lebih tinggi dari tempat keenam (tempat kelima tidak diimpikan,klau leyh nak lagi tinggi)
3.Memastikan orang "tu (1)" berada di bawah aku! (tempat keseluruhan)
4.Memastikan orang "tu (2)" tidak menduduki tempat pertama.
5.Membuktikan bahawa hobi aku tidak menghalang pelajaran aku.
6.Memastikan bahawa kebahagiaan jatuh ke tangan ibu-bapa ku.

hehehe,ade matlamat yang didorong ciri-ciri hatred sikit........sowi ar,hehehe,perlu dibuat begini.

Hari ni da 25 oct,(sekarang kol 12.09 am,betol la tue),
hari dimana kita mengangkat pen dan pensel sebagai senjata,
pemadam sebagai perisai,
ilmu sebagai strategi,
dan semangat untuk berjihad,
di peperangan pengetahuan!

Anyway,ini jadual testnyer:

Jadual Peperiksaan Akhir Tahun 2010 Tingkatan 2

Isnin: Bahasa melayu kertas 1,bahasa melayu kertas 2,sejarah

Selasa: Bahasa inggeris kertas 1,Bahasa inggeris kertas 2,geografi

Rabu: Sains kertas 1,sains kertas 2,Pendidikan islam,Bahasa cina kertas 2,Bahasa tamil kertas 2.

Khamis: Bahasa cina kertas 1,bahasa tamil kertas 1,matematik kertas 1,matematik kertas 2.

Jumaat: bahasa arab,kemahiran hidup,pendidikan jasmani.

Isnin (1 nov): pendidikan sivik,seni kertas 1,seni kertas 2.

selasa: pendidikan moral.

Semoga operation sfyd ini berjaya!
Salam!

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde (systematic name: methanal) is an organic compound with the formula CH₂O. As the simplest aldehyde, it is an important precursor to many other chemical compounds, especially for polymers. In 2005, annual world production of formaldehyde was estimated to be 23 million tons (50 billion pounds).In view of its widespread use, toxicity and volatility, exposure to formaldehyde is a significant consideration for human health.

Formaldehyde is more complicated than many simple carbon compounds because it adopts different forms. Formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, but the gas readily converts to a variety of derivatives. These derivatives generally behave similarly to gaseous formaldehyde and are used in industry. One important derivative is the cyclic compound trioxane, the "trimer" of formaldehyde with formula is (CH₂O)₃. When dissolved in water, formaldehyde converts to H₂C(OH)₂, a diol (i.e. a compound with two hydroxy groups). Aqueous solutions of formaldehyde are referred to as formalin. "100%" formalin consists of a saturated solution of formaldehyde (this is about 40% by volume or 37% by mass) in water, with a small amount of stabilizer, usually methanol to limit oxidation and degree of polymerization. A typical commercial grade formalin may contain 10–12% methanol in addition to various metallic impurities. The diol also exists in equilibrium with a series of short polymers (called oligomers), depending on the concentration and temperature. The infinite polymer formed from formaldehyde is called paraformaldehyde. The cyclic trimer is called metaformaldehyde (or 1,3,5-trioxane).

Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the environment made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Natural processes in the upper atmosphere may contribute up to 90 percent of the total formaldehyde in the environment. Formaldehyde is an intermediate in the oxidation (or combustion) of methane as well as other carbon compounds, e.g. forest fires, in automobile exhaust, and in tobacco smoke. When produced in the atmosphere by the action of sunlight and oxygen on atmospheric methane and other hydrocarbons, it becomes part of smog. Formaldehyde has also been detected in outer space (see below).
Formaldehyde, as well as its oligomers and hydrates are rarely encountered in living organisms. Methanogenesis proceeds via the equivalent of formaldehyde, but this one-carbon species is masked as a methylene group in methanopterin. Formaldehyde is the primary cause of methanol's toxicity, since methanol is metabolised into toxic formaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase. Formaldehyde does not accumulate in the environment, because it is broken down within a few hours by sunlight or by bacteria present in soil or water. Humans metabolize formaldehyde quickly, so it does not accumulate, and is converted to formic acid in the body.
Small amounts of formaldehyde are produced in case of incomplete combustion of methane gas.

Formaldehyde was the first polyatomic organic molecule detected in the interstellar medium and since its initial detection has been observed in many regions of the galaxy. Because of the widespread interest in interstellar formaldehyde it has recently been extensively studied, yielding new extragalactic sources.A proposed mechanism for the formation is the hydrogenation of CO ice, shown below.

H + CO → HCO

HCO + H → H₂CO (rate constant = 9.2 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹)

Formaldehyde appears to be a useful probe for astrochemists due to its low reactivity in the gas phase and to the fact that the 1₁₀←1₁₁ and 2₁₁←2₁₂ K-doublet transitions are rather clear.

Formaldehyde was first reported by the Russian chemist Aleksandr Butlerov (1828–86) and was conclusively identified by August Wilhelm von Hofmann.
Formaldehyde is produced industrially by the catalytic oxidation of methanol. The most common catalysts are silver metal or a mixture of an iron and molybdenum or vanadium oxides. In the more commonly used FORMOX process methanol and oxygen react at ca. 250–400 °C in presence of iron oxide in combination with molybdenum and/or vanadium to produce formaldehyde according to the chemical equation:

2 CH₃OH + O₂ → 2 CH₂O + 2 H₂O

The silver-based catalyst usually operates at a higher temperature, about 650 °C. Two chemical reactions on it simultaneously produce formaldehyde: that shown above and the dehydrogenation reaction:

CH₃OH → H₂CO + H₂

In principle formaldehyde could be generated by oxidation of methane, but this route is not industrially viable because the formaldehyde is more easily oxidized than methane.

Formaldehyde is a building block in the synthesis of many other compounds of specialised and industrial significance. It exhibits most of the chemical properties of other aldehydes but is more reactive. For example it is more readily oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to formic acid (formic acid is found in ppm levels in commercial formaldehyde). Formaldehyde is a good electrophile, participating in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions with aromatic compounds, and can undergo electrophilic addition reactions with alkenes and aromatics. Formaldehyde undergoes a Cannizzaro reaction in the presence of basic catalysts to produce formic acid and methanol.

Examples of organic synthetic applications

Condensation with acetaldehyde affords pentaerythritol, a chemical necessary in synthesizing PETN, a high explosive.Condensation with phenols gives phenol-formaldehyde resins. With 4-substituted phenols one obtains calixarenes.
When combined with hydrogen sulfide it forms trithiane.

3CH₂O + 3H₂S → (CH₂S)₃ + 3H₂O

Formaldehyde is a common building block for the synthesis of more complex compounds and materials. In approximate order of decreasing consumption, products generated from formaldehyde include urea formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene plastics, 1,4-butanediol, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.The textile industry uses formaldehyde-based resins as finishers to make fabrics crease-resistant.Formaldehyde-based materials are key to the manufacture of automobiles, and used to make components for the transmission, electrical system, engine block, door panels, axles and brake shoes. The value of sales of formaldehyde and derivative products was over $145 billion in 2003, about 1.2% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the United States and Canada. Including indirect employment, over 4 million work in the formaldehyde industry across approximately 11,900 plants in the U.S. and Canada.
When reacted with phenol, urea, or melamine formaldehyde produces, respectively, hard thermoset phenol formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, and melamine resin, which are commonly used in permanent adhesives such as those used in plywood or carpeting. It is used as the wet-strength resin added to sanitary paper products such as (listed in increasing concentrations injected into the paper machine headstock chest) facial tissue, table napkins, and roll towels. They are also foamed to make insulation, or cast into moulded products. Production of formaldehyde resins accounts for more than half of formaldehyde consumption.
Formaldehyde is also a precursor to polyfunctional alcohols such as pentaerythritol, which is used to make paints and explosives. Other formaldehyde derivatives include methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, an important component in polyurethane paints and foams, and hexamine, which is used in phenol-formaldehyde resins as well as the explosive RDX. Formaldehyde has been found as a contaminant in several bath products, at levels from 54–610 ppm: it is thought to arise from the breakdown of preservatives in the products.

^{Formaldehyde preserves or fixes tissue or cells by reversibly cross-linking primary amino groups in proteins with other nearby nitrogen atoms in protein or DNA through a -CH₂- linkage. This is exploited in ChIP-on-chip transcriptomics experiments. Formaldehyde is also used as a denaturing agent in RNA gel electrophoresis, preventing RNA from forming secondary structures.
Formaldehyde solutions are used as a fixative for microscopy and histology. Formaldehyde-based solutions are also used in embalming to disinfect and temporarily preserve human and animal remains. It is the ability of formaldehyde to fix the tissue that produces the tell-tale firmness of flesh in an embalmed body. In post mortem examinations a procedure known as the "sink test" involves placing the lungs of an animal in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde; if the lungs float it suggests the animal was probably breathing or able to breathe at the time of death.
Formaldehyde solutions are commonly used as a biological preserving medium, usually for smaller specimens.
Several European countries restrict the use of formaldehyde, including the import of formaldehyde-treated products and embalming. Starting September 2007, the European Union banned the use of formaldehyde due to its carcinogenic properties as a biocide (including embalming) under the Biocidal Products Directive (98/8/EC).Countries with a strong tradition of embalming corpses, such as Ireland and other colder-weather countries, have raised concerns. Despite reports to the contrary, no decision on the inclusion of formaldehyde on Annex I of the Biocidal Products Directive for product-type 22 (embalming and taxidermist fluids) had been made as of September 2009.}

System is slowing down!!!!

Aku jarang update blog aku skarang nieyh kan..........jangan marah ye!

Nak wat camner,agak sibuk ar sekarang nieyh.........lagi pown........
Da nak pekse akhir tahun nieyh,(WTF!!!!).......25 oct.
So,nak study..........

Tapi jangan risau,psal,lepas test nnti kita enjoy gamak2!
Skarang nieyh pown tengah dalam usaha mengumpulkan barang2 tertentu untuk wat benda2 tertentu!
hehehehehehe..............
*Mad chemist laugh*

So,nantikan,wish me luck for the test! amin.......
Salam!

Chlorination of acetylene

Lagi update dari calcium carbide-acetylene experiment,kali nie kita tengok reaksi antara gas acetylene ngan gas chlorine.

Nie video nyer:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2o2i4WFTyj4

Experiment nie tergolong dalam golongan chlorination (halogenation),hypergolic reaction,gas-phase reaction.
Dan mungkin inilah experiment terakhir yang berkait dengan acetylene,(tengokla kalau cukup alatan,leyh wat lagi!)

So,salam!

Allyl acetate

Kawanku fatin zalila ade request citer pasal kimia organik,tapi xtau nak start dari mana.....so,Let start with allyl acetate!: 

Allyl acetate atau nama IUPACnya,2-propenyl acetate ialah sebatian organik,formula kimia;  C₃H₅OC(O)CH₃.Ia adalah ester asetat alkohol allil.

Allyl acetate dihasilkan pada peringkat industri dengan cara menindak balaskan gas propene dengan asid asetik bersama kewujudan pemangkin palladium:

C₃H₆ + CH₃COOH + ½ O₂ → CH₂=CHCH₂OCOCH₃ + H₂O

Cara ini digunakan kerana gas propene murah dan mesra alam.Alkohol allil juga dihasilkan melalui proses hidrolisis allyl chloride.Tetapi cara menghasilkan alkohol allil melalui allyl acetate lebih disukai kerana tidak melibatkan klorin ketika proses hidrolisis (dalam allyl chloride).

Allyl acetate boleh dihidrolisiskan kepada alkohol allil:

CH₂=CHCH₂OCOCH₃ + H₂O → CH₂=CHCH₂OH + CH₃COOH

Alkohol allil degunakan untuk membuat pelbagai polimer istimewa,alkohol allil juga boleh digunakan untuk membuat glycerine.Proses pengeksposidan alkohol allil  dengan hidrogen peroksida memberi glycidol,yang akan melalui proses hidrolisis menjadi glycerine:

CH₂=CHCH₂OH + HOOH → CH₂OCHCH₂OH + H₂O

CH₂OCHCH₂OH + H₂O → C₃H₅(OH)₃

Properties
Molecular formula	C5H8O2
Molar mass	100.12 g mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	0.928 g/cm3
Boiling point	103 °C, 376 K, 217 °F

Few rules for fireworks playing amateur!

Last post kita ade cakap pasal kes2 kemalangan sewaktu maen mercun.Jom tengok beberapa rule yang patut dipatuhi ketika bermain mercun:

1.RULE NO 1:Jangan kutip balik mercun yang telah dibakar kalau x hidup,biarkan aje.Kalau mercun tue dekat,tolak ke tempat selamat dengan apa-apa benda panjang......And make sure xde sesiapa yang akan kutip mercun tue.

Explanation to rule 1:Kalau bende nie jadi kat mercun bola ke,mercun telor ke,selalunya disebabkan sumbunya bengkok atau patah,jadi belerang dalam sumbu xde kat tempat yang sepatutnya untuk menyambung api ke dalam mercun.Tapi kadang-kadang bara atau haba dari sumbu yang terbakar boleh menyambung kembali api kedalam mercun.Tu sebab dye meletup balik tiba-tiba.Kes lain pula jadi apabila casing plastik mercun bola atau mercun telor tue cair dan tutup lubang sumbu.Lagi kes lain jadi apabila bahan utama tdak dapat dihidupkan dengan sumbu.Macam mana aku tau semua ni?
1.Belajar pasal pyrotechnics,
2.Aku langgar peraturan no 1 nieyh,hahaha.jangan salah sangka,perbuatan ini adalah untuk kajian,hehehe.

2.RULE NO 2:Ikut arahan yang diberi dilabel mercun untuk bermain mercun.

Explanation:Arahan itu diberi oleh pyrotechnics di kilang2 mercun,mereka tue orang profesional,mereka tahu la apa nak buat demi keselamatan.So,ikut je.....

3.RULE NO 3:Jangan buka2 atau modified mercun komersial!

Explanation:Jangan buka pasal kita xtau apa bahannya,walaupun kita ada ilmu kimia pyrotechnics,variasi komposisi mercun banyak,xboleh teka dengan pandangan je.Kalau kita modified mercun tu lagi ar,kita mungkin akan buat death mix,x semua mercun sama,bunga api laen,mercun yang meletup lain komposisinya......nanti kita citer pasal death mix ni.

4.RULE NO 4:Tolong awasi orang yang dikhuatiri akan bermain mercun dengan bahaya!Even yang da lepas umur 18 tahun!

Explanation:Ini kerana mereka tidak peka dengan cara bermain mercun yang sebenar.Ini boleh membawa kepada kemalangan.Korang tau tak?Perangai manusia nie berjuta-juta variasinya,kadang-kadang orang yang da nampak matured pown boleh jadi kebudak-budakan.So,awasi mereka yang dikhuatiri akan bermain mercundengan bahaya.Even abang ngan bapak kita,Caring each other is better than one caring the other one right?

5.RULE NO 5:Jangan baling mercun ke arah orang lain! Ajarkan rule ini kepada budak2 kalau mereka berbuat begini!

Explanation:Mercun tak dicipta untuk mencederakan orang lain,ia untuk keseronokan.Kalau bom yela!

6.RULE NO 6:Belajar ilmu kimia dan ilmu pyrotechnics cukup2 baru boleh modified mercun......

Explanation:Korang akan paham klau korang belajar 2 ilmu ni.

7.RULE NO 7:Jangan padatkan belerang mercun komersial!

Explanation:Masyarakat selalu ingat bahawa memadatkan mercun akan memperkuatkan lagi bunyi letupan mercun itu.ini slah sama sekali kerana letupan adalah proses pembakaran yang laju.proses pembakaran memerlukan oksigen.Ruang udara sama dengan oksigen.Oksigen + pembakaran sama dengan disaster!
Letupan bermain dengan tekanan,kelajuan pembakaran belerang dan kekuatan casing mercun.
Tu sebab mercun bola ngan mercun telor x diisi dengan penuh untuk menghasilkan tekanan yang cukup untuk menghasilkan bunyi letpan yang kuat.Dan cuba buka mercun bola atau telor dengan tangan kosong.Nak tercabut tangan di buatnya,kita selalu pijak atau ketuk casing untuk keluarkan belerangnyer.Note:Tolong ikut RULE NO 3........Jangan padatkan belerang sesuka hati kerana teknik pemadatan belerang berbeza mengikut komposisi belerang.Salah teknik equal KABOOM!!!!!

8.RULE NO 8:Jaga mercun dengan elok,seperti anda menjaga duit anda!

Explanation:Kerana dalam penyimpanan mercun mungkin akan rosak seperti yang dinyatakan dalam explanation RULE NO 1,dan jauhkan mercun dari tempat kita bermain mercun kerana bara mungkin akan menghidupkan kesemua simpanan mercun kita.(Pernah terjadi dulu abang aku saje campak sebiji mercun naga dalam sekotak mercun naga.Terang menerang tempat tu.Saje xnak bagi aku main.Bila aku marah dye,dye gelak2 je......)

9.RULE NO 9:Jangan ingat main mercun itu membakar duit.

Explanation:Kalau main elok2 kan mercun itu membawa kebahagiaan?

10.RULE NO 10:Tolong ikut semua RULES ni kesejahteraan kita bersama!

Explanation:Kan bahagia kalau kita dapat main mercun.Hari raya akan lebih meriah kalau mereka ada.Sekarang mercun pown telah diharamkan kerajaan (tapi kita leyh dapat lagi kan?seronoknyer!)
Nescaya kalau semua RULES ini diikut,kemalangan akan berkurangan.Kemalangan akan belaku mengikut qadaq dan qadar ALLAH,kalau benda dah nak berlaku,reda je la kan?Semoga kita juga mendapat keredaannya!amin......

Kalau ada apa2 pertambahan RULES,aku akan informkan...........
So,jangan ingat mercun itu sentiasa bahaya!
Fireworks are not dangerous,it is the art of chemistry! -YUSOFF-
Salam!

Pyrotechnics from me!

Aku rase lama lagi kalau nak post citer baru pasal pyrotechnics atau bab-bab mercun ni.Pasal nyer tengah xde bahan nak buat experiment pyrotechnics nieyh.Jadi,aku citer bnde lama la ek!Nanti kalau ade experiment baru aku akan inform!

Video mercun dari yusoff,homemade tau!:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVcPyTZ-aBI

Maybe orang akan kata,whutz was he thinking about?making homemade fireworks!That is dangerous!
Well,bagi aku ar kan,kalau orang tue ade ilmu kimia,ade ilmu pyrotechnics,tau mane yang boleh campur ngan yang xleyh campur.........Dia qualified untuk design mercun.......However,kalau orang yang dah qualified pown,langkah ini perlu dibuat dengan berhati-hati.....xleyh leka! INGAT:Main mercun dengan otak,bukan dengan tangan! -YUSOFF-

Kalau kita tengok kes2 yang masuk hospital tue sumer  keje bodo,x menepati terma-terma bermain mercun!
Kita akan bincang benda ni dalam post kemudian!
Salam..........

Membuat header's photo:khat syahadah potassium permanganate

Ha,ingat nak citer sikit psal sye membuat header's photo sye.........

Mula2 memang ade terbayangla nak wat gambar untuk header,pastu start ar pikir nak wat konsep camner.
Then we end up dengan menggabungkan konsep islam dan kimia.mcm kat atas tue......   :)

Prosesnya begini,mula2,amik jangka lukis dan set kan kepada radius tapak conical flask yang kita nak guna. Lepas tu buat la satu bulatan kat tengah2 kertas a4.Dah siap buat bulatan tue,tarik kaki jangka lukis (besarkan radius) kepada saiz yang sesuai.(agak2 luas untuk buat lorong untuk khat kite nanti.).Buat garisan separuh bulat dengan setting nie.ulang untuk buat barisan seterusnya (jika perlu).

Lepas tue grab your calligraphy pen!Masa untuk tukar mode ke mode dunia seni!
Gunakan skill dan imaginasi anda,buat khat slogan yang anda pilih.Saya pilih: ashadu alla ilaha illa allah,wa ashadu anna muhammada 'abduhu wa rasulu.

Lepas tue padam garisan yang kita buat ngan jangka lukis tadi.Lepas nieyh,kita kena buat background untuk gambar kita nie.so,amik 3 kertas a4,gam kan mereka bersama mengikut panjang sisi kertan a4 supaya mereka boleh mengelilingi kertas a4 dengan meninggakan 1 side untuk kamera kita nanti.

Selepas ini kita perlu membuat larutan cair potassium permanganate (kalium permanganat) sebagai subjek.untuk ini,larutkan beberapa miligram potassium permanganate ke dalam 150ml air.

Kalau da siap semua,kita kena panggil kawan untuk tolong kita time photoshoot nanti,pasalnyer untuk memegang background dengan lampu.lampu?ya untuk lighting,baru cantik gambar kita nanti.mane aku dapat lampu?ha,ni nak citer sket.lampu bilik aku ade dua.Satu kat atas ceiling,tapi lampu tue malap pasal saiz da kedudukannya yang tersembunyi.......jadi aku ade lagi satu lampu yang berada di tepi meja kat bilik aku,lampu kalimantang panjang tue tergantung kat paku je,boleh cabut2.Kita guna lampu tue la,lagi pown,aku buat photoshoot nieyh kat atas meja je.......

Lampu tue mesti kena berada 90 darjah atas subjek untuk menghilangkan mana2 bayang.Hasilnya?ini dia:

Kalau aku tangkap gambar nie guna kamera DSLR mesti lagi cantek.......aku tangkap gambar nieyh guna olympus m1030sw je.........


Tapi,terdapat beberapa benda yang aku xberapa puas hati,macam:

Huruf dal ni aku terbuat hodoh sangat ar..........benci!

Huruf wau tue aku wat mcm huruf fa je,kenapa bentuk mcm tue?mungkin sebab x cukup ruang.........dal kat sini agak memuaskan......

Entah kenapa aku suka buat ha bulat macam ni,wau tu silap buat lagi.........
Pastu kalau boleh tengok kat gambar no 5,kat perkataan rasuluh,wau yang bersambung ngan sin tue x cukup besar kepalanya,nampak macam xde kepala.Lepas tue kat huruf lam,badannya xcukup panjang.........

Kebanyakan kesilapan ini adalah disebabkan stail bengkok khat nieyh,first time aku cuba buat tulisan khat lingkaran.......x biasa lagi agaknyer.............slalu buat stail lurus je.

Ok la,tue je nak citer pasal gambar header nieyh.Salam.........